General System Theory and The Internet Design Idea Essay - 2

General System Theory and The Internet Design Idea - Essay Example Baran’s idea finally matured under the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). Internet is designed in such a way that there are no centralized switches. The design is comprised of randomly spread unnamed nodes, which act as switches that route information from one node to another until it reaches its destination. The information to be sent is first divided into message blocks, which are known as packets, and then sent separately. On reaching their destination, the packets are joined again to make the original information. Internet was first used by military researchers but later was adopted by various universities. From there, the idea spread like waves and it came to the most common information network that links people from different regions of the world. Today it is identified by names such as Web or World Net because of its wide network coverage (Sivridis, 2009). Today, Internet is used by doctors, psychologists, religious leaders and all groups of people as the main communication and research tool. According to Marshall (2012), Internet can be described as an unplanned communication network. This is because it doesn’t need any planning. The various people who use the Internet plan and organize themselves into groups of communicators. These groups of people have the freedom to choose the people they want to communicate and interact with. It is argued that internet has broken geographical boundaries and this has resulted in the idea of globalization. Assuming the general system theory perspective, Internet has had both positive and negative impact on the society. Internet acts as the main research centre for all scholars of various disciplines. In terms of politics, issues concerning a country and other countries worldwide are shared through the Internet. This keeps people abreast of current political situation. As Skyttner (2006) remarks, the sector which has benefited much from the Internet is the

Artificial Intelligent Neural Networks Assignment

Artificial Intelligent Neural Networks - Assignment Example Computer technology has graced the world for over half a century now. In its infancy, the concept of artificial intelligence was conceived in Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Jackson, 2014). As Chakrabarti (2008) says, ever since, much has been achieved but the development of a computer that can fully mimic the intelligence of a human is still not in sight. Although many scientists believe that this may be achieved by the year 2030, this is still a hard thing to achieve. However, the advances so far have been commendable (Committee on Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations, 2005). Artificial intelligence comes in all types of manner, including the so called minimal artificial intelligence which is intelligence that is geared towards one task, as opposed to an all-round intelligence. In the recent past, technology firms such as Google have been trying to develop artificial intelligence that can be used to drive unmanned cars. Secondary data will be used to analyze the growth of artificial intelligence especially in the use of this technology in robotics. The use of artificial neural networks will also be considered. To get a better understanding of the subject, a literature review of past studies will be done in order to establish how this technology has grown in the past. Recent studies will be reviewed in order to determine the state of the art for this technology. This will be feasible because there are massive studies and literature from these studies available with regard to artificial intelligence. Once the estate of the art of artificial intelligence has been determined, this will then be critically analyzed to determine how it can be used in developing unmanned cars. According to Neapolitan and Jiang (2012), unmanned Aerial Vehicle Global Hawk in 2001 was one the first unmanned vehicles to be able to make a long journey nonstop. In 2004, Spirit and Opportunity were two robots that