Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essays

Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essays Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Essay Topic: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Literature I think that Stevenson wants the reader to feel that Jekyll gets what he deserves for releasing Hyde. Although I think that this is his overall intention, he gives Jekylls own justification for it, which dampens the blame from him slightly. However, the justification, when looked at more deeply, conveys another message from Stevenson, that Jekyll knows what he is doing and therefore commits a crime in releasing Hyde. Stevenson shows his feelings about Hyde and about Jekylls guilt by lavishing Hyde with horrible descriptions. These fall into four main categories, the darkness, the evil, the animal, and peoples reaction to Hyde. Firstly, whenever Hyde appears, it is always night or twilight showing that there is something dark and mysterious about him. Hydes eyes have a blackness in them which terrifies people. There are several references to fire and hell, suggesting that Hyde is a daemon, that has been released from hell. He is actually called, the child of hell meaning he is pure evil. Also, the fires can be interpreted as trying to ward off evil spirits, such as Hyde. Hydes soul is described as foul, and his character callous and violent. He is described as having Satans signature upon him, as if he has been made by the devil and sent up from hell. Hyde is also frequently compared to an animal. When people talk to Hyde he is savage like a wild animal and has a habit of hissing like a serpent. He is often replaced with it, suggesting that Hyde is an animal. Several times Hyde is actually referred to as the creature and his fury being ape-like. There is something primitive about him, something troglodytic. In even greater amounts, perhaps, are the reactions that people have when they come face to face with Hyde, and even from a distance. Every single person that has met him feels loathing and fear, and in some cases, a desire to kill, most people feel a simple hatred of him, yet none of them know why. The extent of this feeling is described as hitherto unknown disgust- absolutely appalling revulsion to him. There is something about Hyde that is not visible, that makes people react like this, described as the radiance of a foul soul. Many people search for a deformity in Hyde that is making them feel this way but fail to find it. Hyde has this aura of repulsion around him that makes any decent person draw back from him. When he touches Lanyons arm. Lanyon feels an icy pang that goes up his spine. Obviously, this is the height of Hydes effect, that when you touch him you shiver with discomfort. Perhaps the most startling aspect of Hyde is that when Jekyll showed Lanyon that he is, in fact, Hyde, Lanyon is so sickened by the thought of it that he becomes ill and dies in a few weeks. This shows absolutely that Jekyll does a terrible thing in unleashing Hyde, and actually telling somebody caused them to die, and Lanyon is one of Jekylls closest friends. These images are put into the story frequently, and the effect of this is to make the reader feel that Jekyll has released a being so foul that he deserves whatever punishment he got. And still Stevenson piles it on. He goes into horrific detail about Hyde brutally murdering Sir Danvers Carew, this is clear evidence that he wishes us to feel that Jekyll is to blame for his own experiments. Stevensons description of the murder is really over the top, it starts off with Hyde having an ill-contained impatience. Sir Danvers Carew is merely inquiring his way to Hyde when he broke out with a great flame of anger. Sir Danvers Carew is surprised by Hydes reaction and took a step back. At that moment though, Hyde snapped, he broke all bounds and starts trampling on him. With his stick he is hailing down a storm of blows, and Sir Danvers Carews bones are audibly shattered. Hyde then runs away, leaving the body incredibly mangled in the middle of the road. Hyde makes no attempt to conceal it, and the horrific details of the murder can only mean the Stevenson wishes us to judge Jekyll as responsible for such a crime. Even there Stevenson does not stop putting on more and more emphasis on the utterly diabolical nature of Hyde. In Dr Jekylls full statement of the case, he states that Hyde gets delight from every blow and runs away, gloating over his crime. Jekyll uses the word I, which is another of Stevensons ways of showing that he wishes us to think that Jekyll is directly responsible. In Jekylls justification of his actions, he mentions that he enjoyed the freedom that Hyde gave him. He fulfilled his pleasures (which are unspecified), and soon the pleasures turned from undignified to monstrous. When Jekyll remembered what he had done whilst in Hydes body he is aghast at himself. He refers to Hyde as me therefore showing that he is responsible because he did it. Jekyll became careless, and thought that nobody would trace him under his impenetrable mantle. Jekyll also tries to cover up Hydes activities by giving to charities and balancing it out. These two statements suggest that Jekyll knew that he is responsible because he is thinking about the possibility of him being caught. Jekyll also felt pity for Hyde, suggesting that he is not at all innocent. Jekyll pays for his crimes heavily though, and this is one of the very few times in the story when Stevenson releases Jekyll from the blame. Jekyll is put to considerable expense to pay for Hydes actions. Not to mention the fact that he loses one of his closest friends by telling him and ends up committing suicide to pay for it. But I think that Stevenson wishes us to view even these with severity; firstly, Jekyll taunts Lanyon by bribing him with, power and knowledge, in such a way that Lanyon cannot have refused to know what Hydes secret is. On telling Lanyon, Lanyon dies. Jekyll wants to tell him about his experiments, he wanted to show off, and he insults Lanyon by referring to himself as his superior. Jekyll obviously enjoys being Hyde, because he suffers a horrible pain when he transforms into him, and would not bother to do it if he wanted to. Sometimes, Jekyll has to triple the dosage in order to transform, something that he wouldnt do unless he is willing to risk his life to transform. In conclusion, I think that judging from the amount of description that has been put into the Hyde, and the number of references to his joy at being evil, that it is fair to say that Stevenson wishes us to feel that Jekyll is to blame for his experiments and that he pays the price for it with his death.

Hundred Years War - Joan of Arc and Siege of Orlans

Hundred Years' War - Joan of Arc and Siege of Orlans Siege of Orlà ©ans: Dates Conflicts: The Siege of Orlà ©ans began October 12, 1428 and ended May 8, 1429, and took place during the Hundred Years War (1337-1453). Armies Commanders English Earl of ShrewsburyEarl of SalisburyDuke of SuffolkSir John Fastolfapprox. 5,000 men French Joan of ArcJean de DunoisGilles de RaisJean de Brosseapprox. 6,400-10,400 men Siege of Orlà ©ans - Background: In 1428, the English sought to assert Henry VIs claim to the French throne through the Treaty of Troyes. Already holding much of northern France with their Burgundian allies, 6,000 English soldiers landed at Calais under the leadership of the Earl of Salisbury. These were soon met by another 4,000 men drawn from Normandy by the Duke of Bedford. Advancing south, they succeeded in capturing Chartres and several other towns by late August. Occupying Janville, they next drove on the Loire Valley and took Meung on September 8. After moving downstream to take Beaugency, Salisbury dispatched troops to capture Jargeau. Siege of Orleans - the Siege Begins: Having isolated Orlà ©ans, Salisbury consolidated his forces, now numbering around 4,000 after leaving garrisons at his conquests, south of the city on October 12. While the city was located on the north side of the river, the English were initially confronted by defensive works on the south bank. These consisted of a barbican (fortified compound) and twin-towered gatehouse known as Les Tourelles. Directing their initial efforts against these two positions, they succeeded in driving out the French on October 23. Falling back across the nineteen-arch bridge, which they damaged, the French withdrew into the city. Occupying Les Tourelles and the nearby fortified convent of Les Augustins, the English began to dig in. The next day, Salisbury was mortally wounded when surveying French positions from Les Tourelles. He was replaced by the less aggressive Earl of Suffolk. With the weather changing, Suffolk pulled back from the city, leaving Sir William Glasdale and a small force to garrison Les Tourelles, and entered winter quarters. Concerned by this inactivity, Bedford dispatched the Earl of Shrewsbury and reinforcements to Orlà ©ans. Arriving in early December, Shrewsbury took command and moved troops back to the city. Siege of Orleans - the Siege Tightens: Shifting the bulk of his forces to the north bank, Shrewsbury built a large fortress around the Church of St. Laurent west of the city. Additional forts were built on the Ile de Charlemagne in the river and around the Church of St. Prive to the south. The English commander next constructed a series of three forts extending northeast and connected by a defensive ditch. Lacking sufficient men to fully surround the city, he established two forts east of Orlà ©ans, St. Loup and St. Jean le Blanc, with the goal of blocking supplies from entering the city. As the English line was porous, this was never fully achieved. Siege of Orleans - Reinforcements for Orlà ©ans the Burgundian Withdrawal: When the siege began, Orlà ©ans possessed only a small garrison, but this was augmented by militia companies that were formed to man the citys thirty-four towers. As the English lines never fully cut off the city, reinforcements began to trickle in and Jean de Dunois assumed control of the defense. Though Shrewsburys army was augmented by the arrival of 1,500 Burgundians during the winter, the English were soon outnumbered as the garrison swelled to around 7,000. In January, the French king, Charles VII assembled a relief force downstream at Blois. Led by the Count of Clermont, this army elected to attack an English supply train on February 12, 1429 and was routed at the Battle of the Herrings. Though the English siege was not tight, the situation in the city was becoming desperate as supplies were low. French fortunes began to change in February when Orlà ©ans applied to be put under the protection of the Duke of Burgundy. This caused a rift in the Anglo-Burgundian alliance, as Bedford, who was ruling as Henrys regent, refused this arrangement. Angered by Bedfords decision, the Burgundians withdrew from the siege further weakening the thin English lines. Siege of Orleans - Joan Arrives: As the intrigues with the Burgundians came to a head, Charles first met with the young Joan of Arc (Jeanne dArc) at his court in Chinon. Believing that she was following divine guidance, she asked Charles to allow her to lead relief forces to Orlà ©ans. Meeting with Joan on March 8, he sent her to Poitiers to be examined by clerics and Parliament. With their approval, she returned to Chinon in April where Charles agreed to let her lead a supply force to Orlà ©ans. Riding with the Duke of Alencon, her force moved along the south bank and crossed over at Chà ©cy where she met with Dunois. While Dunois mounted a divisionary attack, the supplies were barged into the city. After spending the night in Chà ©cy, Joan entered the city on April 29. Over the next few days, Joan assessed the situation while Dunois departed to Blois to bring up the main French army. This force arrived on May 4 and French units moved against the fort at St. Loup. Though intended as a diversion, the attack became a larger engagement and Joan rode out to join the fighting. Shrewsbury sought to relieve his beleaguered troops, but was blocked by Dunois and St. Loup was overrun. Siege of Orleans - Orlà ©ans Relieved: The next day, Shrewsbury began consolidating his position south of the Loire around the Les Tourelles complex and St. Jean le Blanc. On May 6, Jean sortied with a large force and crossed to the Ile-Aux-Toiles. Spotting this, the garrison at St. Jean le Blanc withdrew to Les Augustins. Pursuing the English, the French launched several assaults against the convent through the afternoon before finally taking it late in the day. Dunois succeeded in preventing Shrewsbury from sending aid by conducting raids against St. Laurent. His situation weakening, the English commander withdrew all of his forces from the south bank except for the garrison at Les Tourelles. On the morning of May 7, Joan and the other French commanders, such as La Hire, Alencon, Dunois, and Ponton de Xaintrailles gathered east of Les Tourelles. Moving forward, they began assaulting the barbican around 8:00 AM. Fighting raged through the day with the French unable to penetrate the English defenses. In the course of the action, Joan was wounded in the shoulder and forced to leave the battle. With casualties mounting, Dunois debated calling off the attack, but was convinced by Joan to press on. After praying privately, Joan rejoined the fighting. The appearance of her banner advancing spurred on the French troops who finally broke into the barbican. This action coincided with a fire barge burning the drawbridge between the barbican and Les Tourelles. English resistance in the barbican began to collapse and French militia from the city crossed the bridge and assaulted Les Tourelles from the north. By nightfall, the entire complex had been taken and Joan crossed the bridge to re-enter the city. Defeated on the south bank, the English formed their men for battle the next morning and emerged from their works northwest of the city. Assuming a formation similar to Crà ©cy, they invited the French to attack. Though the French marched out, Joan counseled against an attack. Aftermath: When it became apparent that the French would not attack, Shrewsbury began an orderly withdrawal toward Meung ending the siege. A key turning point in the Hundred Years War, the Siege of Orlà ©ans brought Joan of Arc to prominence. Seeking to maintain their momentum, the French embarked on the successful Loire Campaign which saw Joans forces drive the English from the region in a series of battles which culminated at Patay.

Performance Appraisals at Head Office Assignment

Performance Appraisals at Head Office - Assignment Example Before moving into the main aims and objectives of performance appraisals, it is essential to gain a brief idea of performance appraisals. Performance appraisal was started as a simple method to provide income justifications, i.e. to explain if the salary drawn by an individual was justified or not based on their performance (Lawrie, 1990). This was a consideration since the human tendency to judge others work and performance created a lot of problems related to the motivation, ethics, legal ruling etc. at workplaces. To ensure that the appraisal systems were just, lawful, fair and accurate, performance appraisal was introduced. The process was linked to the material outcomes, i.e. if an employee’s performance is to less than ideal then there would be a cut in pay, however if the performance was better than the ideal level set by the supervisor, then there would be a rise in pay. Performance appraisal is a very essential part of employment. There are several reasons for performance appraisals to be conducted. As mentioned earlier, human tendency is to judge how a person is performing at the job and to try to eva luate if the ideal level of performance is met up to (Runion, Brittain, 2006). To understand performance appraisal better it is essential to focus on the elements that are taken care of by performing appraisals. The main aims and objectives of conducting performance appraisals on a regular basis are to assist the employer provide the employee with feedback and advice on how to improve in areas that require correction (Mohrman, et.al., 1989). This is the best way to communicate any strength the employees have and also to discuss the weaknesses and provide possible solutions. Since most of the performance appraisals are very open and it allows employees to rate their supervisors as well. This allows a better understanding and better relationship among the employer and employee. The

Creativity and Group dynamic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creativity and Group dynamic - Assignment Example When Danny and Rusty set out to find a team for themselves, they were looking for people who were either too smart in what they do, or they thought differently. This team was made up of people who were unique in their own way, yet when they worked together on this plan, they got successful in what no one else could do. Each of the team member was creative is his own way. They all thought of brilliant ideas and carried out the entire plan successfully. They were however different from each other. In one occasion we could see two of the men were acting like gays which annoyed their other team member. There were white men and there were black men, there were Americans and there was even a Chinese, there were 18 year old boys and 50+ year old man as well. What brought success to the team was how they gelled in with each other; how they accepted each other as they are and worked together as a team. What is remarkable about the group dynamics of this team is that how they communicated well with each other and how they knew about the strengths and weaknesses of each other. While working in a team it is very important that you know each other very well; you should know your team member’s strengths and their weaknesses as well. ... Although each member was creative in his own domain, there were obviously some limitations. Some members could not practice their creative ideas because they did not appeal to their other team members. There were also limitations from the environment. While you are working in a group, you have to take decisions that are approved by everyone, especially the leader. You simply cannot practice your creativity without the agreement of you teammates. And this leads to creative thinking in limitations. When creativity is at peak, an individual or group can also innovate new product, service or an idea. In this movie, they innovated new ways of robbery. Although the idea does not bring something new that helps the society, but it did create a new way of completing their mission. Although the movie is about robbery, we could clearly the aspect of creativity and group dynamics in their mission. From the way team was formed, to how Danny led it, to how they carried out all the tasks; it showed a great team where all members had only one focus-to steal the vault’s money. Bibliography Naiman, L. (2010). What is Creativity? Retrieved May 21, 2011, from Creativity at work:

From Failure to success Essay Example for Free

From Failure to success Essay Robert Kennedys statement that Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly has been painfully evident in my life. Until recently, I had never dared to fail greatly at anything, and as a result, I never achieved greatly at anything either. Luckily, I have learned the importance of attempting something when theres a looming possibility of failure. At Boys State this summer, I spent a week living with 300 other young men while learning about how North Carolinas government works. To give us a firm grasp of the governmental process, each floor elected town officials, each dorm elected county officials, and the three dorms together elected the state officials. The Boys State program also had its own moot court program from which Supreme Court Justices were elected. At Boys State, I ran for positions in the town and county government, and for Supreme Court Justice. Of the seven positions I competed for, I only won two elections. I count this as a failure because the only positions I won were positions that had no candidates to oppose me. The loss that affected me the most was Supreme Court Justice. This was the position I had wanted to win even before I arrived at Boys State, and I gave up all of my afternoon activity time so that I could participate in the moot court program and remain an eligible candidate for Supreme Court Justice. Unfortunately, the elections for justices were the last of all the voting, and by midnight, everybody wanted to get back to their dorms so the time for our speeches was cut from one minute to ten seconds. Needless to say, I was so unprepared for the sudden change of events, that I barely had time to say my name and one reason I was running before I ran out of time. I lost the election, but the loss taught me that I needed to become more visible so that I would not have to depend on a speech for people to realize that I was a person they should vote for. However, if I had the chance to go back and change anything I had done there, I probably wouldnt change a thing. The reasons for this are not as difficult to understand as they probably should be. Firstly, if I went back and changed anything I had done then, I would not have learned that lesson, and would now be lacking a very important experience in my life. Secondly, good things also came from my loss of the election for Supreme Court Justice. In my failure, I brought the  attention of the gubernatorial candidate onto me. The next morning, he asked me if I would like to be his Secretary of Crime Control and Public Safety which is one of the highest positions at Boys State. After a moment of shock, I immediately accepted the position. Thus, as a result of my own great failure, I achieved grea tly.

Brain Death and Organ Donation in Children and Adults Essay -- Science

Brain Death and Organ Donation in Children and Adults Introduction Does one try to save a premature baby who has little chance of survival? When do doctors or family members decide to "pull the plug" on a loved one? When is organ donation the correct choice? Is this patient the one on which God will choose to perform a miracle? What about a postmortem delivery? Is it realistic to be able to have a child postmortem? These questions are difficult for any of us to answer - even more so if we are dealing with a situation in which we may have to answer one or more of these questions. Yet, for some of us, these questions are all too real. If someone is considered to be in a vegetative state and the doctor determines that they are not coming back, when do family members decide to let go? When do family members give up hope? These questions can only be answered once a person is faced with a situation where he or she needs to determine another's fate. All of the answers to the questions are personal answers and no one should judge another person for making a choice in a difficult situation. Decisions regarding organ donation and when an unconscious person has died or experienced brain death are very difficult decisions for the family to make, even with the help of medical professionals. Organ donation started in 1869 and since then the procedure has improved but doctors with unethical practices still, and always will, exist. After all of the improvements in adult organ donation, questions still remain about organ donation and anencephalic infants. Should these infants be treated as human beings, should they be allowed to donate their organs? What happens to any infant whose mother dies before delivery of the child? Def... ...tion? Works Cited Ackerman, Terrence. A Casebook of Medical Ethics. New York:Oxford UP, 1989. Gorman, Christine. "Are Animal Organs Safe for People." Time. 15 January 1996. Henderson, Allen. Get With It-Teen Perspectives on Donation. The Indiana Heart Institute. 1994. Humber, James M. Biomedical Ethics and the Law. 2nd Edition. New York: Plenum, 1979. Koukl, Gregory. "Babies as Organ Farms". L.A. Times. 8 June 1995. Lamb, David. Death, Brain Death and Ethics. Albany:New York UP, 1985. Mason, JK. Human Life and Medical Practice. Great Britain:Edinburgh UP, 1988. Neufeldt, Victoria. Webster's New World Dictionary. 3rd Edition. New York: Prentice Hall, 1991. Pothier, Richard. "Animal Tests Saved My Life." Newsweek. 1 February 1993. Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Stedman's Medical Dictionary. 24 Edition. Baltimore:Williams and Wilkins, 1982.

International Police cooperation Essay

The international crime scene recently went agog with the arrest of one James Onanefe Ibori in Dubai. The incident may have been just another routine arrest, except that it was made by the Interpol (international police agency), and the individual in question was a Nigerian. Mr. James Ibori, wealthy politician and former governor of the oil rich Delta state of Nigeria was apprehended in Dubai where he was attempting to evade arrest from his home country Nigeria. The Economic and Financial Crimes commission (EFCC) in Nigeria had declared him wanted in connection with the embezzlement of $290 million dollars during his tenure as governor. Incidentally, the London Metropolitan police had also been hot on his trails for international money laundering. In one of the classic cases of International police cooperation, Mr. Ibori’s detention and eventual trial gives impetus to the global fight against crime. The world has become a global village. And just as we have witnessed dramatic advancement in technology, we have also had commensurate progress in crime and criminality. The scope of crime, whether financial or non financial, transcends borders, culture and creed. And as such any nation attempting to fight crime alone has failed long before it has begun. This is why American president Obama is rallying the entire world to join hands with him in the battle against terrorism. Even the most technologically advanced nation seems helpless when trying to fight crime on its own. In the case mentioned above, three countries are affected by cross border financial crime. In Nigeria, dealing with a man as powerful as Ibori might prove daunting. With his immense wealth and political connections, he has repeatedly evaded the law. Very recently in Nigeria, he had a 170 count corruption charge thrown out of court for insufficient evidence! When declared wanted again, he escaped the country surreptitiously. However, with hard evidence being offered by the London Metropolitan Police, including the freezing of Mr. Ibori’s assets to the tune of $35 million dollars in 2007, vital progress is being made. It should also be noted, that where the Nigerian anti corruption agency, and the London Metropolitan polices’ reach proved limited, the Dubai Interpol stepped in and made International policing one efficient, seamless exercise. Of course the drama is still far from finished, as Ibori has assembled a team of lawyers to fight against his extradition to the United Kingdom to face money laundering charges. What is however some form of consolation is the fact that collaboration in international policing is not only working, but seems to be yielding dividend. There however remain some gray areas that need to be sorted out as we move to achieve a better and more secure world. First, our international borders need to be made more secure, with the relevant security information disseminated expeditiously. How was Ibori able to escape to Dubai? Secondly, the international criminal code needs to be harmonized so that issues of jurisdiction can be worked out. Finally, there is the need for more active involvement by political leaders in the fight against international crime.

Mental Disorder and Mental Health Problems Essay

This unit aims to provide the learner with knowledge of the main forms of mental health problems according to the psychiatric classification system. Learners also consider the strengths and limitations of this model and look at alternative frameworks for understanding mental distress. The focus of the unit is on understanding the different ways in which mental health problems impact on the individual and others in their social network. It also considers the benefits of early intervention in promoting mental health and well-being. Credit Level 3 3 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 Describe the main types of mental ill health according to the psychiatric (DSM/ICD) classification system: mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, substance-related disorders, eating disorders, cognitive disorders 1.2 Explain the key strengths and limitations of the psychiatric classification system see more:psychiatric (dsm/icd) classification system 1.3 Explain two alternative frameworks for understanding mental distress 1.4 Explain how mental ill health may be indicated through an individual’s emotions, thinking and behaviour 2. Know the impact of mental ill health on individuals and others in their social network 2.1 Explain how individuals experience discrimination due to misinformation, assumptions and stereotypes about mental ill health 2.2 Explain how mental ill health may have an impact on the individual including: a. psychological and emotional b. practical and financial c. the impact of using services d. social exclusion e. positive impacts Learning outcomes The learner will: 1. Know the main forms of mental ill health 2.3 Explain how mental ill health may have an impact on those in the individual’s familial, social or work network including: a. psychological and emotional b. practical and financial c. the impact of using services d. social exclusion e. positive impacts 2.4 Explain the benefits of early intervention in promoting an individual’s mental health and well-being Notes for Guidance In learning outcome 1, assessment criterion 1, learners are asked to describe ‘the main types of mental ill health according to the psychiatric (DSM/ICD) classification system’. Learners should demonstrate knowledge of how types of mental health are categorised by their main signs and symptoms and how the system attempts to draw a line between mental health and mental disorder. Learners do not need to demonstrate detailed knowledge of each form of disorder within each category.

Great Example of Al Capone Personal Essay

Great Example of Al Capone Personal Essay ly murdered many people; the exact numbers are not known. The most infamous mass killing conducted by Capone was the St. Valentine s Day massacre. On that day, Capones follower Jack Mc Gurn tried to lure George Moran, who was a leader of the rival gang, so that he could kill him. During this ordeal, seven of Morans men got shot at the garage. This massacre brought Capone to the attention of the federal government. On further investigations, they exposed his tax evasion deals and other unlawful activities in Chicago (John, 1971). Al Capones Conviction and Imprisonment. The Bureau of prohibition began a probe on Al Capone and his businesses in Chicago. They initiated the investigations in an attempt to convict him for unlawful activity. A case got filed against Capone being charged with income tax evasion. He attempted to bribe and intimidate potential jurors. This got noticed, and the Jury listening to his case got changed. This followed a long trial on Oct 17th, 1929. The judge sentenced Capone to 11 years of imprisonment. At that time, this was the greatest sentence ever given in the United States for tax evasion. He tried to appeal against the conviction and the punishment against him, but both got denied. In prison, he got isolated and did not contact with other prisoners. This was a preventive measure to ensure that he would not commit any dangerous acts (Diane, 2002). Conclusion From the foregoing, it is manifestly clear that Capone was a long time criminal boss, and he was engaged in many illegal dealings and killings. The Criminal Justice agents should be extra vigilant to deal with organized crime and kill criminal gangs. The life of Al Capone is a mock to the system of law that was used in Chicago during his time. This is because the law hardly punished him or made attempts to keep him on toes. When he got convicted, it was too late. Capone had caused irreparable harm to the society of Chicago and America at large. It is noteworthy that the Investigating agencies and students across the world should analyze the harms caused by a dysfunctional system of law that could not resist the activity of criminal gangs.

Everything You Need to Know About Anti-Vaxxers

Everything You Need to Know About Anti-Vaxxers Per the CDC, during January 2015, there were 102 reported cases of measles across 14 states; most linked to an outbreak at Disney Land in Anaheim, California. In 2014, a record 644 cases were reported across 27 states- the highest number since measles was considered eliminated in 2000. The majority of these cases were reported among unvaccinated individuals, with more than half  located in an Amish community in Ohio. According to the  CDC, this resulted in a dramatic 340 percent increase in measles cases between 2013 and 2014. Despite the fact that ample scientific research has disproven the falsely asserted connection between Autism and vaccinations, increasing numbers of parents are choosing to not vaccinate their children for a number of preventable and potentially fatal diseases, including measles, polio, meningitis, and whooping cough. So, who are the anti-vaxxers? And, what motivates their behavior? Pew Research Center found in a recent study of the difference between scientists and the publics views on key issues that just 68 percent of U.S. adults believe that childhood vaccinations should be required by law. Digging deeper into this data, Pew released another report in 2015 that sheds more light on views on vaccinations. Given all the media attention to the purported wealthy nature of anti-vaxxers, what they found might surprise you. Their survey revealed that the only key variable that significantly shapes whether one believes vaccinations should be required or be the decision of parents is age. Young adults are much more likely to believe that parents should have the right to choose, with 41 percent of those 18-29 years old claiming this, compared with 30 percent of the overall adult population.  They found no significant effect of class,  race, gender, education, or parental status. However, Pews findings are limited to views on vaccines. When we examine practices- who is vaccinating their children versus who is not- very clear economic, educational, and cultural trends emerge. Anti-Vaxxers Are Predominantly Wealthy and White Several studies have found that recent outbreaks among unvaccinated populations have been clustered among upper and middle-income populations. A study published in 2010 in  Pediatrics  that examined a 2008 measles outbreak in San Diego, CA found that  reluctance to vaccinate ... was associated with health beliefs, particularly among well-educated, upper- and middle-income segments of the population, similar to those seen in measles outbreak patterns elsewhere in 2008 [emphasis added]. An older study, published in Pediatrics  in 2004, found similar trends, but in addition, tracked race. The researchers found,  Unvaccinated children tended to be white, to have a mother who was married and had a college degree, [and] to live in a household with an annual income exceeding 75,000 dollars. Writing in  Los Angeles Times, Dr. Nina Shapiro,  Director of Pediatric Ear, Nose, and Throat at the Mattel Childrens Hospital UCLA, used data from Los Angeles to reiterate this socio-economic trend. She noted that in Malibu, one of the citys wealthier areas, one elementary school reported that just 58 percent of kindergartners were vaccinated, as compared to 90 percent of all kindergartners across the state. Similar rates were found at other schools in wealthy areas, and some private schools had just 20 percent of kindergartners vaccinated.  Other unvaccinated clusters have been identified in wealthy enclaves including Ashland, OR and Boulder, CO. Anti-Vaxxers Trust in Social Networks, Not Medical Professionals So, why is this predominantly wealthy, white minority choosing to not vaccinate their children, thereby putting at risk those who are under-vaccinated due to economic inequality and legitimate health risks? A 2011 study published in  Archives of Pediatrics Adolescent Medicine  found that parents who chose to not vaccinate did not believe vaccines to be safe and effective, did not believe their children at risk of the disease in question, and had little trust in the government and medical establishment on this issue. The 2004 study cited above found similar results. Importantly, a 2005 study found that social networks exerted the strongest influence in the decision to not vaccinate. Having anti-vaxxers in ones social network makes a parent significantly less likely to vaccinate their children. This means that as much as non-vaccination is an economic and racial trend, it is also a cultural  trend, reinforced through the shared values, beliefs, norms, and expectations common to ones social network. Sociologically speaking, this collection of evidence points to a very particular habitus, as elaborated by late French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. This term refers, in essence, to ones disposition, values, and beliefs, which act as forces that shape ones behavior. It is the totality of ones experience in the world, and ones access to material and cultural resources, that determines ones habitus, and so cultural capital plays a significant role in shaping it. The Costs of Race and Class Privilege These studies reveal that anti-vaxxers have very particular forms of cultural capital, as they are mostly highly educated, with mid- to upper-level incomes. It is quite possible that for anti-vaxxers, a confluence of educational, economic, and racial privilege  produces the belief that one knows better than the scientific and medical communities at large, and a blindness to the negative implications that ones actions may have on others. Unfortunately, the costs to society and to those without economic security are potentially quite great. Per the studies cited above, those opting out of vaccines for their children put at risk those who are unvaccinated due to limited access to material resources and health care- a population composed primarily of children living in poverty, many of whom are racial minorities. This means that wealthy, white, highly educated anti-vaccination parents are mostly putting at risk the health of poor, unvaccinated children. Viewed this way, the anti-vaxxer issue looks a lot like arrogant privilege running rogue over the structurally oppressed. In the wake of the 2015 California measles outbreak, the American Academy of Pediatrics released a statement urging vaccination and reminding parents of the very serious and potentially fatal outcomes of contracting preventable diseases like measles. Readers interested in learning more about the social and cultural trends behind anti-vaccination should look to  The Panic Virus  by Seth Mnookin.

Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discussion Board - Essay Example As the paper declares there is a tendency to ignore this growing social problem and the war on drugs has pushed the distribution of all kinds of drugs used into the hands of criminal elements of society. Decriminalization of drugs attempts to make drugs available through more legitimate channels with a degree of control and thereby remove distribution of drugs through the criminal elements. To understand the working of this measure an examination of its use in Holland would be useful. In Holland drugs have been classified into hard, which includes heroin, cocaine and ecstasy and soft, which is cannabis. In the case of cannabis the possession of small quantities for personal use is seldom held against the person having it, but more importantly it is the fact that cannabis has been made available through cafes and removes the criminal element from the distribution of cannabis. This essay stresses that the problem with this measure is that the use of the soft drug cannabis could lead to the use of hard drugs and hard drugs are still clamped down heavily in Holland. A possible way out of this is to make the hard drugs available at chemists and sold through prescriptions under strict regulations so that the involvement of criminal elements is removed. Still this does not remove the issue of the move from a soft drug like cannabis to a hard drug like heroin or cocaine by a soft drug user.

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Political Science - Essay Example Even though Nick knew that whatever he did was wrong and kept on due to the belief that he could convince any debating side towards his own views, one day he met his match. William H. Macy, the Vermont senator wanted to place poison labels especially on cigarette packs in order to discourage people from the smoking (Longworth). Nick saw this as a motive to ruin his career and went ahead to conduct a public relation campaign with Rob Lowe, a Hollywood agent, so as to include cigarette smoking in the movies. Nick still on continuing with his quest, received a number of death threats regarding his work of encouraging people to smoke. Eventually, Nick met with an alluring reporter that worked for Washington Newspaper called Katie Holmes. This reporter ran a damaging profile on Nick putting him in a tight position to argue on supporting people to smoke after she produced one of his nude pictures (Ebert). The film reaches a climax when Nick is forced to look back at his job and assess the negative influence his job may have on his son. Eventually, it turns out that Nick eventually gets to his senses and accepts the reality of smoking and the need to discourage it (Ebert). Filibusters are often obstructive tactics employed by senators in order to delay a given bill. In regard to smoking, there have been a lot of filibusters played by many policy makers. Filibusters should be eliminated as they discourage crucial laws that affect the heath of its citizens, for instance cigarette smoking, from being discouraged. Nick had been employed by a Big Tobacco company to act as their spokesman and encourage more people to join smoking. Even though the government knew the repercussion smoking had on its citizens in the movie, still measures to curb smoking could not be implemented immediately due to filibusters. The senator at one point tried to pass a law to ensure that cigarettes had a poisonous ban put on them, but did